The Reasons that I Write These Blogs
On vacation in the Ozark Mountains during the summer of 2024, I visited a Native American museum. During this visit, I saw an Iroguois painting with these words on it:
In every deliberation and decision, we must consider the impact on the next seven generations that follow us.
I believe that! I really do! That is why I write these blogs. I want my children, grandchildren, my grandchildren’s children, and the next seven generations to know about these topics. These are the most important topics of the present and future.
What is Public Health?
Bottom line – Public health is a helping profession. One does not make a lot of money in public health but the payback in tremendous. I know. I was a Professor of Public Health for 23 years and now a Professor Emeritus.
Public health is a science and evidence based field that strives to give everyone a safe place to live, learn, play, work, and grow old (American Public Health Association, 2024). Public health improves the quality of our lives. It helps children to thrive. It reduces human suffering. It saves money (American Public Health Association, 2024)
Public health is concerned with protecting the health of entire populations, whether that population be as small as a local neighborhood, or as big as an entire country or region of the world (Centers for Disease Control Foundation, 2025).
However, public health is not clinical medicine, which focuses on treating one person at a time after they become sick (Centers for Disease Control Foundation, 2025).
Public health is the science and art of protecting and improving the health of people and their communities. I say “art” because it involves many “people and leadership skills,” which are not taught by most colleges and universities. That needs to change quickly.
The work of public health is done by gaining entrance to and the acceptance of a priority population, organizing the people for change, continually training one’s replacements, perpetually launching new leaders, helping a priority population to prioritize, finding funding, doing research, needs assessment, surveillance of disease, educational programs, designing new services, programs and policies and administering those things.
Public health also works to limit health disparities, whether they be due to race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, age, socio-economic status, and physical or mental illness (Center for Disease Control Foundation, 2025). A significant part of public health is promoting equity, high quality of services, and accessibility of services (Centers for Disease Control Foundation, 2025).
Some History
Democrats and a lot of Republicans, passed the Social Security Amendments that created Medicare and Medicaid (Zelizer, 2017). In 1965, thirteen Republican Senators and 70 House Republicans voted in favor of passing these Social Security Amendments (Zelizer, 2017).
Back in 1965, there were some conservative Republicans who opposed Medicare (Zelizer, 2017). Ronald Reagan was one of them. He continually told an erroneous message that warned that Presidents Kennedy and Johnson’s Medicare proposal, which provided hospital insurance to the elderly, paid for by Social Security taxes, was an opening wedge to socialism (Zelizer, 2017). The willingness to cut Medicare has grown among the right. The argument against is still not true.
As an aside, let me point out that most Americans (79%) are opposed to reducing the size of Social Security benefits and 67% are against raising monthly premiums for Medicare (Seitz & Fingerhut, 2023). Instead, 58% support the idea of increasing taxes on households making over $400,000 yearly to pay for Medicare (Seitz & Fingerhut, 2023).
As is often the case in politics, Republicans only proposed their alternatives to Medicare in 1965 after the landslide Democratic victories in 1964 made it inevitable that some version of the bill was going to pass (Zelizer, 2017). The writing was on the wall. Faced with the fact that elderly Americans struggled to afford basic health insurance coverage, liberal Republicans such as New York Senator Jacob Javits was a driving force in the push for federal health care coverage (Zelizer, 2017).
Back then, even the most conservative wing of the Republican Party pushed for health care for the poor, administered by the states in cooperation with the federal government, which today we know of as Medicaid (Zelizer, 2017).
Many Republicans in the House and Senate went kicking and screaming, but in the end, they joined the Democratic majority to create the largest expansion of government health care coverage in American history until the Affordable Care Act (Zelizer, 2017).
Fast Forward to 1999-2003
I am old enough to remember Newt Gingrich (R) saying and writing this: “The highest investment priority in Washington should be to double the federal budget for scientific research,” former House Speaker Newt Gingrich (R-Ga.) wrote in a 1999 op-ed in The Washington Post (Rovner, 2023). Representative Gingrich was all over the TV. Big spending increases for the National Institutes of Health soon followed. Grants for health research and programs followed these investments.
Just four years later in 2003, when Republicans controlled both the House and the presidency, they created the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), a $15 billion program to fight AIDS and HIV overseas that is credited with saving millions of lives (Rovner, 2023). “In the face of preventable death and suffering, we have a moral duty to act, and we are acting,” President George W. Bush said at the bill’s signing (Rovner, 2023).
Fast Forward to 2023
For the first time in history, bipartisan support for the U.S. Presidents Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) eroded, with Republicans blocking the latest renewal of the program.
“Regrettably, PEPFAR has been reimagined — hijacked — by the Biden administration to empower pro-abortion international nongovernmental organizations, deviating from its life-affirming work,” said Rep. Christopher H. Smith (R-N.J.) on the House floor in September of 2023 (Rovner, 2023). Was it hijacked?
Keep in mind that PEPFAR was created and enabled by strong bipartisan support across ten U.S. congresses and four presidential administrations, both Republican and Democrat.
Furthermore, the GOP-led House in 2023 planned to cut funding for the Department of Health and Human Services by more than 12% — including nearly $4 billion from the once-revered NIH (Rovner, 2023). What happened?
“We cannot continue to make our constituents pay for our reckless DC beltway spending,” Rep. Robert B. Aderholt (R-Ala.), chair of the House Appropriations subcommittee that oversees HHS, said when the bill came to the floor in November of 2023 (Rover, 2023).
By the way, in Trump’s first term, despite his promise to reduce spending and the national debt, he increased it. Remember, as a candidate in 2020, Trump said that he would pay down the national debt over eight years? He did not. (Sloan, and Podkul, 2021).
The national debt rose by almost $7.8 trillion during Trump’s first term in office (Sloan, and Podkul, 2021). This amounts to $23,500 in new federal debt for every person in the country. The growth in the annual deficit under Trump ranks as the third-biggest increase, relative to the size of the economy, of any U.S. presidential administration (Sloan, and Podkul, 2021). The financial burden that he has inflicted on our government will wreak havoc for decades, saddling your kids and your grandkids with debt.
The Election of Populist Politicians
For the February 2025 edition of Grass Roots Health, I interviewed Dr. Carlos Nobre (pictured below) from Brazil. Dr. Nobre is the world’s expert on global warming and the Amazon region. He was part of a panel that won the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize. He lives in Sao Paula Brazil and sees the big picture. A brilliant scientist. You can listen to this episode wherever people get their podcasts (Season 2, Episode 2).
When I asked him about “climate change deniers,” he did not hesitate. He said that it was the election of populist politicians worldwide that were to blame.
I agree with him to a degree. Climate change deniers have definitely been persuaded by their political leaders to believe without thinking or reading critically on their own. If one reads critically, he/she will see that more than 97% to 99% of the world’s climate experts agree that global warming is caused by human activity (Columbia University, 2024).
Do you know how hard it is to get scientists to agree on anything? It is like “herding cats!”
In addition to electing populist politicians, I think we have to investigate the reasons why these politicians have been elected. I think it is mainly financial. The “haves” take more and more of a society’s wealth. Therefore a small percentage of people own more of a country’s wealth. All the while, the “have nots” stay the same or lose income. This leads to anger and frustration among the “have nots” and increases their desire for a strong politician to “take back” their country.
Read – “The Growing Divide.” https://1795group.com/the-growing-divide/
By the way, you can disagree with temperature readings only if you do not believe in science and research.
If you do not believe in science and research, then you should not go to your doctor, take drugs, or have procedures or surgeries done. Correct? All of those things were developed by research.
The Characteristics of Populist Politicians and their Parties
Being led to believe by their political leaders that the “system is broken” are prevalent feelings across the world (Stanford University 2025). Global citizens want a strong leader to “take their country back” from the rich and powerful. Only the political leader can fix things. Sound familiar?
Did you know that democracy has been in decline worldwide for almost 20 years. Global freedom declined for a 17th consecutive year in 2022 as 35 countries suffered deterioration in their political rights and civil liberties (Freedom House, 2025).
The defining characteristic of a populist party is the claim that they represent an “organic” people or nation (e.g., true patriots), rather than specific interests or groups (Stanford, University, 2025). It is groups like Native Americans, Hispanics, and Black Americans who we should help! They are the ones with all the health disparities!
Such representation is worrisome of two reasons: First, the nation has to be defined, usually in terms that exclude vulnerable groups from the definition of the “people.” This is majority rule without minority rights (Stanford, University, 2025). We see this now in the United States.
Second, those who disagree with populist representation of “the people” or “the true patriots” and are obviously not the “real” nation. The opposition is considered treasonous and treacherous. Populist parties cannot deal with dissent or disagreement. Thus, those who oppose are fired, jailed, or worse. Sound familiar?
Among the most dangerous consequences of populism is the erosion of formal democratic rules and liberal institutions (Stanford University, 2025). The destructive effects of populist rule include the takeover and taming of judges, courts, and oversight institutions, and new laws that limit the freedom of the media and civil society (Stanford University, 2025). These legal and formal maneuvers erode public trust, transparency, and accountability. Sound familiar?
Just as importantly, however, such governments also make a point of undermining informal democratic norms, such as conflict of interest laws, financial transparency, or respect for opposition. The damage here is far less reversible: such norms and informal rules are the product of decades of interactions (Stanford University, 2025). Once such trust and consensus disappears, it is not easy to bring them back. We are seeing this in the U.S.
A President Who Desires to Remake the United States in His Image
I do not believe that our country needs to be remade. Our country needs tweaked but not remade in Trump’s image.
Already Trump has fired about two dozen Justice Department employees involved in Capitol riot cases and demanded the names of FBI agents who worked on the January 6, 2021, US Capitol attack and Trump-related investigations for potential removal (The Guardian, 2025).
In my opinion, this move is pure retaliation by Trump and another step towards “authoritarianism.” The firing of prosecutors and potentially FBI agents also follows Trump’s decision to pardon around 1,500 people convicted in connection with the January 6, 2021, attack on the Capitol, of which I strongly disagree with.
By the way, Acting FBI Director Brian Driscoll recently refused a Justice Department order that he assist in the firing of agents involved in Jan. 6 riot cases. This is a good example of speaking up and resisting. He is still employed (for now) and the new Justice Department ultimately did not dismiss Driscoll (Dilanian, Winter, Dienst, & Reilly, 2025).
This is occurring while the U.S. Senate is considering whether Kash Patel, President Trump’s pick for FBI director, should be confirmed. Patel is a longtime critic of the bureau’s investigations of Trump and Jan. 6th rioters (Dilanian, Winter, Dienst, & Reilly, 2025).
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Public Health
In 2020, COVID-19 came from nowhere to become the 3rd leading cause of death in the U.S.
Watch Dr. Jordan on 13ABC News Toledo talk about this: https://1795group.com/media/
Think about this! As of May 2022, more Americans had died of COVID than two decades worth of car crashes or on battlefields in all of the nation’s wars combined (Johnson, 2022).
Were deaths inevitable in the U.S.? Yes, some deaths were expected. Yet, over one million dead is a stunning toll for a country that was supposedly sophisticated as the United States. The true number of deaths is certainly higher because of undercounting.
We must never forget that those that died were someone’s grandparent, parent, sibling, aunt, uncle, cousin, friend, or child. Those who died were loved and cherished by others and are now greatly missed (Jordan, Wotring, McAfee, Polavarapu, Cegelka, Wagner-Greene, & Hamdan, 2021).
In fact, experts estimate that 10.4 million children in the world have lost a parent or caregiver during this pandemic, putting them at risk for poverty and major causes of death (McKeever, 2022).
Among younger adults in the U.S., Black and Hispanic people died at much higher rates than White people (Hill & Artiga, 2022).
The COVID-19 pandemic and the associated wearing of face coverings and getting vaccinated have certainly exacerbated world-view differences that were already in existence. The current antagonistic political climate in the U.S. has also reduced collaboration and cooperation among the nations of the world regarding health.
The illogical decision of the current POTUS and his dishonest reasons (easily disproven) given to defund and withdraw from the World Health Organization four years ago in the middle of a pandemic only increased economic and health care disparities between wealthy and poor nations. His decision also made the U.S. smaller, weaker, and more isolated in world health. The same is true for his decision in 2025. His decision has made us smaller, weaker, and more isolated.
Trust in Public Health is Down
According to a poll published by the Kaiser Family Foundation (2025), the U.S. public’s trust in health information from key health agencies has fallen over the past 18 months, continuing a decline that began during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Remember that COVID-19 pandemic was the first pandemic that featured the Internet and social media. The Internet and social media were drivers of misinformation and myths, conspiracy theories and rumors. During the pandemic we fought an “infodemic” along with the disease (Khubchandani, Jordan, and Yang, 2020). If it was on social media, it was real. Correct?
Just over half (53%) of the public now trusts the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to make the right recommendations on health issues at least “a fair amount,” down from nearly two-thirds (65%) in June 2023. Why is trust dropping?
The share who says they trust their state and local public health officials fell a similar amount (to 54% now from 64% in 2023). Why?
Trust in health recommendations from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) also dipped slightly from 66% in 2023 to 61% now.
Republicans are far less trustful of each of these health institutions than Democrats, with independents in the middle.
An even larger divide in the opposite direction exists in trust of health information from President Trump and Robert F. Kennedy Jr., his nominee to be HHS Secretary. Less than half the public trust President Trump (42%) and Kennedy (43%) to make the right recommendations on health issues.
Among Republicans, however, 84% say that they trust President Trump; 84% say that they trust their own doctor; and 81% say that the trust Kennedy Junior.
The Future of Public Health
I think the next four years in public health are going to be very difficult.
You must understand that politics shapes public health! Few colleges or universities teach future public health specialists how to use the political process to their advantage. That needs to change in a hurry!
The world around us shapes our health, our biome – the air we breathe, the water we drink, the food we eat, where we live, the products in our homes, the safety of our neighborhoods, our homes, the safety and fuel efficiency of our vehicles, our level of employment, and the quality of our schools, and all interactions between and among both living and dead things.
Politics determines societal priorities, policies, laws, and funding regarding the things listed above. Therefore, politics significantly influences public health. Money always follows policies.
Thus, I believe that we need to talk more about politics, not less.
Read: https://1795group.com/why-we-should-talk-about-politics/
Trump claims that he won in a landslide and has a mandate from Americans in 2024. Such claims are not supported by the election results, which show a historically slim win by him (McDaniel, 2025).
However, if you say a lie frequently enough, many will start to believe it. This is what is happening now. People believe lies.
His margin of victory over Vice President Kamala Harris in the national popular vote — 1.5% is the smallest of any president who secured a popular-vote win since Richard M. Nixon in 1968 (McDaniel, 2025).
And though Trump won the popular vote, he did not secure a majority, coming just shy with 49.9 percent of the vote, according to certified state results compiled by the Associated Press (McDaniel, 2025). I am not sure how 50% of the vote is a mandate.
However, politics is about perceptions, and a president who is perceived as enjoying the overwhelming support of the voters is far better positioned to change not just our policies but our entire political system.
The current Republicans have cut budgets for public health. Democratic presidents administrations have increased budgets for public health (Reich & Master, 2024). We face a Republican president, Vice Presidents, senate, and house.
In terms of his executive orders that directly impact public health, the current Republican president has: (Kates, Micaud, Moss, & Dawson, 2025)
1) Rescinded Executive Orders and Actions Issued by President Biden.
2) Withdrawn the U.S. from the World Health Organization
3) Halted all communications from federal agencies, including the CDC
4) Paused the funding from all federal agencies
5) Paused funding for all U.S. foreign assistance endeavor
Unfortunately, the current POTUS and his followers have politicized the COVID-19 pandemic, research, vaccines, wearing a face covering, medical care, gun safety, food safety, climate change, and many environmental health issues.
Without any evidence, they have focused on the “Big Lie” (i.e., that the 2020 election was stolen), caused distrust, and led a violent insurrection in the U.S. capital that resulted in five deaths and injured 140 police officers (Bernat, 2021).
The current POTUS and his party have also supported the “great replacement” theory — which has also been called “white replacement theory” or simply “replacement theory.” The “great replacement” theory, in simple terms, states that immigration policies that welcome immigrants — particularly nonwhite immigrants — are part of a plot designed to undermine or “replace” the political power and culture of white people living in Western countries (Coates, 2024; National Immigration Forum, 2022).
Let it be known that I say that this theory is racist, anti-American and has its roots in white supremacy. However, there are some who actually believe this.
Our country is now divided politically with very little bipartisan legislation. There is no willingness to reach across the political aisle and compromise. Everything is done by Executive Order and reversed or undone by the next President.
Read these blogs:
- “Get Out and Vote:” https://1795group.com/get-out-and-vote/
- “Lies have Consequences:” https://1795group.com/lies-have-consequences/
- “The Problem of Christian Nationalism:” https://1795group.com/the-problem-of-christian- nationalism/
Will Public Health Flourish?
I do not think that public health with flourish in the next four years. Many of the budget cuts proposed by the current President and his party will affect people and communities that have been under-resourced and under-represented for decades, such as Black, Latino, and Indigenous communities, people with disabilities, and families with low incomes of all races and ethnicities.
The Current Divisive Political Climate in Not Good for Public Health
I do not see Trump as a healer or uniter. The current divisive political climate is contributing to increased mistrust and weaker social cohesion. An increasing number of Americans no longer feel a shared sense of national identity or concern for the health of others. Democrats and Republicans see those on the other side of the political aisle as enemies with world views and values that are incomprehensible. Don’t believe me? Just read social media posts.
The differences that people have with their political “opponents” are rooted in something deeper than partisan affiliation. People on opposite sides of the political aisle actually have very different, non-overlapping worldviews. They get their information from different sources. These incongruent worldviews make it difficult for Americans to see anything legitimate in their political opponents’ beliefs or views. This makes political cooperation, collaboration, and compromise nearly impossible. Such a divide among people in the U.S. does not bode well for the future of public health.
The Future of Public Health Employees
In some states, anger at perceived overreach by public health officials has prompted legislation to limit the authority of public health, including new state laws that prevent the closure of businesses and schools, or allow lawmakers to rescind mask mandates. Good for health if we face another epidemic or pandemic?
According to my research, as of December of 2024, twenty one states have established new laws that limit the authority of public health to respond to emergencies (Temple University, 2025).These legislative measures emphasized individual freedom and essentially weaken community-based, disease mitigation methods. These measures will constrain public health officials’ authority to act in future health crises and leave our country ill-equipped to counter the resurgent coronavirus and a future, unknown outbreak of some kind. We will face another epidemic or pandemic. Mark my words.
We are already seeing the state of Louisiana forbidding public health workers from promoting and advertising COVID, influenza, and MPOX vaccines. Unfortunately, this will spread to other states and more people will die.
A small but vocal minority in U.S. society does not trust public health experts and are ardent “science deniers.” Many in this group do not believe in vaccinating themselves, their children, or their grandchildren. Robert F. Kennedy, Jr., has spread many mistruths about vaccinations and yet he is going to be charge of U.S. health?
As a result of parents not vaccinating their children, we are seeing the re-emergence of certain infectious diseases like measles (World Health Organization, 2024).
Read: https://www.who.int/news-room/feature-stories/detail/measles-fighting-a-global-resurgence
During the COVID-19 pandemic, public health and governmental officials faced a growing swell of pressure, criticism, and personal threats. Some received death threats and threats of violence to themselves and to their family members. Do you think this will change now?
As a result, many have resigned or retired. Here is an article published in August 2020 about this very topic: https://khn.org/news/public-health-officials-are-quitting-or-getting-fired-amid-pandemic/
In July 2022, the CDC published a study of U.S. public health workers. Overall, 72% of respondents reported working fully or partially in a COVID-19 response role at some point during March 2020 to January 2022.
An estimated 44% of workers reported that they were considering leaving their jobs within the next 5 years for retirement or other reasons. The public health workforce was already down about 20% prior to the pandemic! If even 25% of workers leave public health, what will happen to public health?
This finding is very concerning, given a report that approximately 80,000 additional full-time staff members were needed throughout the nation’s public health agencies to provide foundational public health services in 2021 (de Beaumont Foundation, 2021).
Of those considering leaving, 76% began thinking about leaving since the start of the pandemic.
Our public health and health care systems are facing immense pressure because of the prolonged COVID-19 response, worsening national health, stress, burnout, and a political party in power that believes public health specialists are the enemy (de Beaumont Foundation, 2022). Americans are getting poorer and sicker.
Staying Quiet is Not an Option for Public Health
In my view, public health specialists, cannot stay quiet. We must not stay silent! We must speak out against what we see. To remain silent is condoning what one sees.
Populist politicians like Donald Trump and his party, are a threat to liberal democracy. The Republicans and Trump’s appointees for important government positions have stated their goal of restructuring U.S. government and replacing it with Trump’s vision (Public Broadcasting System, 2023). It is far more than just a political opinion.
Read – Flooding the Zone with Inexperience
https://1795group.com/flooding-the-zone-with-inexperience/
In closing, let me ask you: Is this the type of country that you want to work and live in?
If not, speak up!
The 1795 Group Can Help
The 1795 Group believes in leaving this little blue planet a better place for all who live on it. We have a moral obligation to those that follow in our footsteps to inform them, warn them, and to educate them. That’s why I write and share this blog.
The 1795 Group believes in being part of solutions. Let’s work together at the grass roots level to help solve this problem!
Perhaps you would like a guest speaker or a presentation on this topic. Perhaps you would like to have your students, learners, or employees enjoy an in-person or virtual professional development workshop in this topical area. Perhaps you need a course to be written for your learners. Whatever your need, the 1795 Group can help. Call us and let’s brainstorm ways to work together.
Contact Me Today:
Phone: (440) 296-9709 (text first)
Email: tjordan@1795group.com
Website: www.1795group.com
Blogs: https://1795group.com/blog/
Podcasts: https://1795group.com/podcast/
References
American Public Health Association (2024). What is public health? https://www.apha.org/what-is-public-health
Bernat, F.P (2021). The failed attempt to overthrow the American government: crime and insurrection. Journal of Criminal Justice and Law. 8 (1), https://jcjl.pubpub.org/pub/8dmewbeo/release/1
Centers for Disease Control Foundation (2025). What is public health? https://www.cdcfoundation.org/what-public-health
Coates, R. (2024). What is the Great Replacement Theory? A Scholar of Race Relations Explains. The Conversation. https://theconversation.com/what-is-the-great-replacement-theory-a-scholar-of-race-relations-explains-224835
Columbia University (2024). Irving Medical Center, Mailman School of Public Health. https://www.publichealth.columbia.edu/news/communicating-consensus-strengthens-beliefs-about-climate-change
de Beamont (2021). Staffing Up: Investing in the public health workforce.
https://debeaumont.org/staffing-up/
Dilanian, K., Winter, T., Dienst, J., & Reilly, (2025). Senior FBI official forcefully resisted Trump and administration firing. NBC News.
Freedom House (2025). Expanding Freedom and Democracy. https://freedomhouse.org/
The Guardian (2025). Trump appointee fires January 6 prosecutors and issues treat to FBI agents. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/feb/01/trump-purge-at-justice-department-of-january-6-prosecutors-and-threat-to-fbi-agents
Johnson, Carla K. (2022). U.S. deaths from COVID hit 1 million, less than 2 ½ years in. Associate Press News. https://apnews.com/article/us-covid-death-toll-one-million-
Jordan, T.R., Wotring, A.J., McAfee, C.A., Polavarapu, M., Cegelka, D., Wager-Green, V.R., & Hamdan, Z. (2021). The COVID-19 pandemic has changed dying and grief: Will there be a surge of complicated grief? Death Studies, 46 (1): 84–90. doi:10.1080/07481187.2021.1929571
Kaiser Family Foundation (2025). Poll: Trust in Public Health Agencies Falls and Vaccines Amid Republican Skepticism.
Kates, J., Michaud, J., Moss, K., & Dawson, L. (2025). Kaiser Family Foundations. Global Health Policy. Overview of President Trump’s Executive Actions on Global Health
Khubchandani, J., Jordan T.R., & Yang. T.Y. (2020). Ebola, Zika, Corona…What Is Next for Our World? Internation Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17 (9), p. 3171; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093171
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https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2025/01/20/trump-election-results-popular-vote
McKeever, A (2022). COVID-19’s hidden, heartbreaking toll: millions of orphaned children. National Geographic. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/covid-19-hidden-heartbreaking-toll-millions-of-orphaned-children
National Immigration Forum (2022). The great replacement theory, explained. https://immigrationforum.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Replacement-Theory-Explainer-1122.pdf
NASA (2024). Do scientists agree on climate changes? https://science.nasa.gov/climate-change/faq/do-scientists-agree-on-climate-change
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Reich, David and Master, Sonali (2024). House Republican Bills Deeply Cut Programs that Help Lower Income People and Underserved Communities. Center for Budget Policy and Priorities. https://www.cbpp.org/research/federal-budget/house-republican-bills-deeply-cut-programs-that-help-low-income-people-and
Rover, J. (2023). Republicans Once Championed Public Health. What Happened? https://kffhealthnews.org/news/article/health-202-gop-targeting-public-health-pepfar-nih/
Seitz, A. and Fingerhut, H. (2023). Most oppose Social Security, Medicare cuts: AP-NORC poll. Associate Press.
Sloan, A. & Podkul, C. (2021). Donald Trump Built a National Debt So Big (Even Before the Pandemic) That It’ll Weight Down the Economy for Years. ProPublica. https://www.propublica.org/article/national-debt-trump
Stanford University, (2025). Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies. https://fsi.stanford.edu/global-populisms/global-populism-about
Temple University (2025). Beasly School of Law. ACT for Public Health. Nearly half of all states have passed laws limiting authority to respond to public health emergencies.
World Health Organization, (2024). Measles.
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Zelizer, J. (2017). Health care’s arc of history: GOP’s remarkable move to the right. CNN.
https://www.cnn.com/2017/06/22/opinions/health-care-history-gop-zelizer-opinion/index.html
